Dubai (B2B) - Penggulingan kekuasaan Presiden Mesir Mohamed Moursi telah memciu ´perang media´ antara stasiun-stasiun penyiaran utama dunia Arab, tepatnya antara Al-Arabiya di Riyadh, Arab Saudi dan Al-Jazeera di Doha, Qatar.
Perbedaan mereka pertama kali muncul selama revolusi Arab (Arab Spring) 2011, ketika dua televisi berita ini memberikan perspektif Saudi dan Qatar dalam liputannya mengenai peristiwa-peristiwa yang berlangsung cepat itu, kata para analis.
Arab Spring membuat ´polarisasi pada media Arab´, kata analis Saudi Abdullah al-Shamry.
"Kedua saluran berita itu menjadi lebih peduli pada menyiarkan opini para pemiliknya ketimbang menawarkan pandangan profesional dan objektif," kata Shamry, seraya menambahkan bahwa kedua televisi berita itu telah ´kehilangan kredibilitasnya´ terhadap para pesaingnya seperti France 24 dan Sky News Arabia.
Para pengamat yang muncul di Al-Jazeera dan Al-Arabiya dipilih secara hati-hati demi mendukung posisi mereka, tuduh Shamry.
Qatar membiayai Al-Jazeera yang didirikan pada 1996 dan merevolusi dunia media di Arab yang selama beberapa dekade didominasi media-media yang dikendalikan negara, sedangkan Al-Arabiya dimiliki pengusaha Saudi Waleed al-Ibrahim yang berhubungan dekat dengan keluarga kerajaan Saudi.
Hubungan pemerintah Arab Saudi dengan pemerintah baru Mesir dan Tunisia yang didominasi Ikhwanul Muslimin menegang, sedangkan Qatar menjadi pendukung setia kelompok Ikhwanul Muslimin.
Perbedaan sikap mereka semakin jelas dalam liputan mereka terhadap krisis di Mesir sejak demonstrasi jalanan bulan lalu yang diikuti kudeta militer atas Presiden Moursi usungan Ikhwanul Muslimin.
"Al-Jazeera dan Al-Arabiya meliput peristiwa di Mesir dalam dua cara yang secara diametrikal berlawanan," kata Mohammed El Oifi, spesialis media Arab pada Universitas Sorbonne di Paris.
Ketika Al-Arabiya menyiarkan langsung demonstrasi menentang Moursi di Lapangan Tahrir Kairo, maka Al-Jazeera menayangkan demonstrasi pro-Moursi di sudut lain di ibukota Mesir itu.
Ketika Al-Arabiya merayakan "revolusi kedua" Mesir, sebagian besar pengamat tamu yang didatangkan Al-Jazeera menggambarkan penggulingan Moursi sebagai "kudeta melawan legitimasi."
Bagi Oifi, posisi Al-Arabiya adalah refleksi sejati dari garis yang diadopsi Arab Saudi di mana kepala negaranya, Raja Abdullah, menjadi pemimping asing pertama yang menyelamati presiden sementara Mesir Adly Mansour, beberapa jam setelah Mansour dilantik menggantikan Moursi.
Sebaliknya Al-Jazeera mengadopsi posisi yang lebih berlawanan dengan peristiwa 30 Juni ketimbang pemerintah Qatar sendiri yang sepertinya kurang lebih menerima kejatuhan Moursi, kata dia.
Ketika sekitar 53 orang pendukung Moursi terbunuh di luar markas Garda Republik di Kairo pada 8 Juli, Al-Arabiya mengacuhkan cerita versi Ikhwanul Muslimin mengenai insiden itu dan sebaliknya menayangkan pernyataan-pernyataan militer.
Sementara Al-Jazeera menayangkan cuplikan dari sebuah rumah sakit lapangan yang memperlihatkan demonstran pro-Moursi yang tewas dan terluka. Stasiun televisi ini juga menayangkan langsung konferensi pers Ikhwanul Muslimin.
Awal bulan ini, beberapa awak Al-Jazeera, kabarnya ada tujuh orang, mengundurkan diri karena tidak setuju dengan kebijakan redaksional stasiun berita itu, atau karena menerima ancaman.
Direktur pelaksana Al-Jazeera yang mendedikasikan televisinya sebagai saluran langsung ke Mesir, Ayman Gaballah, menulis di harian The Telegraph pada 13 Juli bahwa "awak kami menerima ancaman maut, leaflet-leaflet berdarah yang dikirimkan ke luar kantor-kantor kami, dan kami dengan histeris diburu jumpa pers militer oleh sesama jurnalis lain."
Akademisi Kuwait Saad al-Ajmi yang sebelumnya menjadi menteri informasi Kuwait mengatakan kedua saluran berita itu menawarkan liputan mendalam mengenai peristiwa-peristiwa namun perbedaan mereka adalah suara mereka yang mencerminkan pandangan politiknya.
"Keduanya meliput demonstrasi dari kedua sisi. Kendati begitu, sudut pandangnya jelas merefleksikan upaya mereka untuk memusatkan pada masa besar demonstran di satu kubu atau lainnya," kata Jami seperti dilansir Yahoo News.
Para pemirsa sendiri menyerang kedua saluran berita televisi ini.
Satu laman Twitter dengan hashtag "#Tweet Like You Are Al-Arabiya" mengolok-olok liputan stasiun televisi yang berbasis di Dubai ini.
Dan satu grup Facebook dengan anggota lebih dari 6.000 orang menyerukan "diusirnya saluran Al-Jazeera si kolaborator dari Mesir," seraya menuduh televisi berita ini tengah memecah belah rakyat Mesir."
Bagi pemuda Hossam yang masih berusia 18 tahun, "Al-Jazeera membesar-besarkan dan memusatkan perhatian pada Ikhwanul Muslimin. Liputannya bias."
Abdel Fataah Mohammed, seorang ekspatriat Mesir di Uni Emirat Arab, berkata, "Al-Jazeera agak condong ke Ikhwanul Muslimin namun itu terjadi karena sudut pandang demikian tidak mendapat tempat di stasiun lain."
"Bagaimana pun saluran berita ini (Al-Jazeera) tetap memotret peristiwa langsung dengan apa adanya dan mendatangkan pengamat tamu dari semua kalangan tidak seperti pesaingnya. Saya telah berhenti menonton Al-Arabiya. Mereka tidak objektif," kata Mohammed.
Bagi Ajmi, persaingan media ini sehat. "Variasi liputan mereka mengenai peristiwa-peristiwa bermanfaat untuk pemirsa...Tidak adil bagi pemirsa Arab jika hanya mengikuti satu sudut pandang saja."
Dubai - Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi´s ouster has sparked a media war between the Arab world´s major news rivals Al-Arabiya and Al-Jazeera over the policy lines of their respective funders in Riyadh and Doha.
Their differences were first highlighted during the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings when the television channels respectively gave the Saudi and Qatari perspectives in their coverage of fast-developing events, analysts say.
The Arab Spring "led to a polarisation in Arab media," says Saudi analyst Abdullah al-Shamry.
"Both channels became more concerned about delivering the opinions of their financiers than offering a professional and objective view," said Shamry, adding that the two are "losing their credibility" in the face of other Arabic-language news channels such as France 24 and Sky News Arabia.
Analysts appearing on Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya are selected carefully to back their positions, says Shamry.
Gas-rich Qatar funds Al-Jazeera, founded in 1996, which has revolutionised the Arab media scene that was for decades limited to state-controlled media, while Al-Arabiya is owned by Saudi businessman Waleed al-Ibrahim who has close ties to the ruling Al-Saud family.
Ties were strained between Saudi Arabia and the new governments in Egypt and Tunisia dominated by the Muslim Brotherhood, whereas Qatar has strongly backed the Islamists on their rise to power.
The contrast was clearest in their coverage of the turmoil in Egypt since last month´s street protests which were followed by the army´s ouster of Muslim Brotherhood president Morsi.
"Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya covered the events in Egypt in two diametrically opposite ways," said Mohammed El Oifi, Arab media specialist at the Sorbonne university in Paris.
As Al-Arabiya aired live footage of the protests in Cairo´s Tahrir Square against Morsi, Al-Jazeera split its screen to relay images of a pro-Morsi demonstration at another square in the capital.
And what Al-Jazeera branded as a "coup against legitimacy", Al-Arabiya hailed as a "second revolution".
For Oifi, Al-Arabiya´s position was "an obvious reflection" of the line adopted by Saudi Arabia, whose King Abdullah became the first foreign leader to congratulate Egypt´s interim president Adly Mansour, hours after he was named to replace Morsi.
But Al-Jazeera "adopted a more hostile position towards the June 30 events than the state of Qatar which seems to have more or less accepted the fall of Morsi," he said.
When 53 mostly Morsi supporters were killed outside Republican Guard headquarters in Cairo on July 8, Al-Arabiya ignored the Brotherhood´s version of the incident and highlighted the army´s statements.
Al-Jazeera was meanwhile airing footage from a field hospital showing dead and wounded pro-Morsi protesters and it ran live coverage of a Brotherhood news conference.
Early this month, several Al-Jazeera employees, reportedly seven, resigned over disagreements with the channel´s editorial line or because of having received threats.
The managing director of Al-Jazeera´s dedicated "Egypt live channel", Ayman Gaballah, wrote in The Telegraph on July 13 that "our staff have been receiving death threats, leaflets carrying blood have been distributed outside our offices, and we´ve been hysterically hounded out of military press conferences by supposed fellow journalists."
Kuwaiti academic Saad al-Ajmi, who previously served as information minister, said "both channels offered extensive coverage of the events but the differences were in their choice of words that reflect their political stances."
They "covered demonstrations on both sides. However, the pictures´ angles clearly reflected their attempts to concentrate on larger numbers of demonstrators on one side or another," he said.
Viewers have lashed out at both channels.
A page on Twitter with the hashtag "#Tweet Like You Are Al-Arabiya" mocks the Dubai-based channel´s coverage.
And a Facebook group with more than 6,000 members calls for "kicking out the collaborator Al-Jazeera channel from Egypt," accusing it of "sowing sedition between Egyptians."
For 18-year-old Hossam, a date vendor in Cairo, "Al-Jazeera exaggerates about and concentrates on the Muslim Brotherhood. Its coverage is biased."
Abdel Fataah Mohammed, an Egyptian expat in the United Arab Emirates, said "Al-Jazeera is slightly inclined towards the Brotherhood but this is because this point of view does not get its share of coverage elsewhere."
The channel however still "portrays events live as they take place and hosts guests from all sides" unlike its rival. "I´ve stopped watching Al-Arabiya lately. They weren´t at all objective," said Mohammed.
To Ajmi, this is healthy competition. "Their varying coverage of the events benefits the audiences... It´s unfair for the Arab viewer to hear only one point of view."