Singapura dan Korsel `Mitra Intelijen` AS dan Australia Sadap Indonesia Sejak 1970-an
Singapore, South Korea Revealed as Five Eyes Spying Partners
Editor : Cahyani Harzi
Translator : Dhelia Gani
 b.jpg)
SINGAPURA dan Korea Selatan memainkan peranan penting dalam membantu Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Australia melakukan penyadapan melalui fasilitas kabel bawah laut yang melintasi Asia, menurut dokumen rahasia yang dibocorkan oleh mantan oleh mantan kontraktor intelijen AS, Edward Snowden, seperti diungkapkan The Sidney Morning Herald pada Senin (25/11) melalui artikel berjudul "Singapore, South Korea Revealed as Five Eyes Spying Partners" yang ditulis oleh Philip Dorling.
Fakta-fakta terbaru juga menguraikan tentang keterlibatan Australia dan Selandia Baru pada aksi penyadapan melalui jaringan satelit global.
Peta rahasia milik Badan Keamanan Nasional AS (National Security Agency/NSA) menyebutkan bahwa AS dan lima sekutunya yang dijuluki "Five Eyes" memanfaatkan kabel serat optik kecepatan tinggi di 20 lokasi di seluruh dunia. Operasi penyadapan melibatkan pemerintah setempat dan perusahaan telekomunikasi atau melalui operasi "rahasia, tanpa bentuk".
Penyadapan melalui kabel bawah laut adalah bagian dari jaringan global yang disebut oleh dokumen perencanaan NSA yang dibocorkan memberi peluang bagi kemitraan "Five Eyes" yakni AS, Inggris, Australia, Kanada dan Selandia Baru - untuk melacak "siapapun, dimana pun, kapan saja" yang disebut sebagai" zaman keemasan" aksi intelijen melalui penyadapan.
Peta NSA, yang diterbitkan oleh surat kabar Belanda NRC Handelsblad Sabtu malam (24/11), menunjukkan bahwa Amerika Serikat mempertahankan cengkraman pada saluran komunikasi trans-Pasifik dengan fasilitas penyadapan di pantai Barat Amerika Serikat dan di Hawaii dan Guam, dengan menyadap semua jalur kabel bawah laut di Samudera Pasifik serta hubungan antara Australia dan Jepang.
Kabel SEA-ME-WE-3
Peta rahasia itu mengkonfirmasi bahwa Singapura, salah satu pusat telekomunikasi penghubung yang paling signifikan di dunia, adalah kunci "pihak ketiga" bekerja dengan mitra intelijen "Five Eyes".
Pada Agustus, Fairfax Media melaporkan bahwa dinas mata-mata elektronik Australia, Defence Signals Directorate, melalui kemitraan intelijen dengan Singapura memanfaatkan kabel SEA-ME-WE-3 yang terhubung dari Jepang, melalui Singapura, Djibouti, Suez dan Selat Gibraltar ke Jerman Utara.
Sumber-sumber di dinas intelijen Australia mengatakan kepada Fairfax bahwa Keamanan sangat rahasia dan Divisi Intelijen Departemen Pertahanan Singapura mendukung operasi DSD dalam mengakses dan berbagi komunikasi melalui oleh kabel SEA-ME-WE-3 serta kabel SEA-ME-WE-4 yang melintas dari Singapura ke selatan Perancis.
Singapore Telecom (Singtel)
Akses ke saluran telekomunikasi internasional utama ini, difasilitasi oleh operator milik pemerintah Singapura, SingTel, menjadi faktor penting dalam ekspansi intelijen dan pertahanan Australia - Singapura selama 15 tahun terakhir.
Saham Singtel, mayoritas dimiliki oleh Temasek Holdings, lembaga investasi pemerintah Singapura, SingTel memiliki hubungan dekat dengan badan intelijen Singapura. Pemerintah Singapura di perusahaan tersebut diwakili oleh kepala pegawai negeri Singapura, Peter Ong, yang sebelumnya bertanggung jawab untuk keamanan nasional dan koordinasi intelijen di kantor Perdana Menteri Singapura.
Pakar intelijen Australia, Profesor Des Bola dari Australian National University menggambarkan kemampuan intelijen elektronik Singapura sebagai "yang paling maju" di Asia Tenggara, setelah pertama kali dikembangkan dalam kerjasama dengan Australia di pertengahan 1970-an dan kemudian memanfaatkan posisi Singapura sebagai hub telekomunikasi regional.
Indonesia-Malaysia Target Utama
Indonesia dan Malaysia menjadi target utama untuk kolaborasi intelijen Australia dan Singapura sejak 1970-an. Sebagian besar lalu lintas telekomunikasi dan internet di Indonesia disalurkan melalui Singapura.
Peta intelijen NSA yang dibocorkan juga menunjukkan bahwa Korea Selatan adalah titik penyadapan kunci lainnya dengan akses kabel bawah laut di Pusan, yang menyediakan akses komunikasi eksternal dari China, Hong Kong dan Taiwan.
Badan Intelijen Nasional Korea Selatan telah lama menjadi kolaborator erat dengan Dinas Rahasia AS (Central Intelligence Agency/CIA) dan NSA, serta badan-badan intelijen Australia. Organisasi Intelijen dan Keamanan Australia (ASIO) baru-baru ini terlibat dalam gugatan hukum setelah gagal memperkarakan upaya publikasi rincian spionase Korea Selatan di Australia. Direktur ASIO, Jenderal David Irvine mengatakan kepada Pengadilan Federal bahwa badan-badan intelijen Australia dan Korea Selatan telah bekerja sama "lebih dari 30 tahun" dan bahwa masyarakat pun mengungkapkan kegiatan NIS akan "merugikan" keamanan nasional Australia.
Peta NSA dan dokumen lainnya dibocorkan oleh Snowden dan diterbitkan oleh surat kabar Brasil, O Globo juga mengungkapkan detail baru pada integrasi intelijen Australia dan Selandia Baru melalui fasilitas penyadapan elektronik melalui jaringan satelit dengan mitra "Five Eyes".
Untuk pertama kalinya terungkap bahwa fasilitas satelit penyadap DSD di Kojarena dekat Geraldton di Australia Barat, nama sandinya adalah"STELLAR". Fasilitas komunikasi pemerintah Selandia Baru di Waihopai yang berada di South Island di Selandia Baru, kode sandinya adalah "IRONSAND". Kode sandi untuk fasilitas DSD di Shoal Bay dekat Darwin tidak teridentifikasi. Namun ketiga fasilitas intelijen tersebut dicatat oleh NSA sebagai "jaringan operasi FORNSAT utama (komunikasi satelit asing)."
Cakupan komunikasi satelit di seluruh Asia dan Timur Tengah juga didukung oleh fasilitas NSA di pangkalan Angkatan Udara AS di Misawa di Jepang, pusat diplomatik AS di Thailand dan India, dan Markas Komunikasi Pemerintah Inggris yang tersebar di Oman, Nairobi di Kenya dan di pangkalan militer Inggris di Siprus.
Peta NSA yang dibocorkan juga menunjukkan bahwa kabel bawah laut diakses oleh NSA dan GCHQ Inggris melalui fasilitas militer di Djibouti dan Oman, sehingga memastikan cakupan maksimum Timur Tengah dan komunikasi di Asia Selatan.
AUSTRALIA and South Korea are playing key roles helping the United States and Australia tap undersea telecommunications links across Asia, according to top secret documents leaked by former US intelligence contractor Edward Snowden. New details have also been revealed about the involvement of Australia and New Zealand in the interception of global satellite communications.
A top secret United States National Security Agency map shows that the US and its “Five Eyes” intelligence partners tap high speed fibre optic cables at 20 locations worldwide. The interception operation involves cooperation with local governments and telecommunications companies or else through “covert, clandestine” operations.
The undersea cable interception operations are part of a global web that in the words of another leaked NSA planning document enables the “Five Eyes” partners – the US, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and New Zealand - to trace “anyone, anywhere, anytime” in what is described as “the golden age” signals intelligence.
The NSA map, published by Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad overnight, shows that the United States maintains a stranglehold on trans-Pacific communications channels with interception facilities on the West coast of the United States and at Hawaii and Guam, tapping all cable traffic across the Pacific Ocean as well as links between Australia and Japan.
The map confirms that Singapore, one of the world´s most significant telecommunications hubs, is a key “third party” working with the “Five Eyes” intelligence partners.
In August Fairfax Media reported that Australia´s electronic espionage agency, the Defence Signals Directorate, is in a partnership with Singaporean intelligence to tap the SEA-ME-WE-3 cable that runs from Japan, via Singapore, Djibouti, Suez and the Straits of Gibraltar to Northern Germany.
Australian intelligence sources told Fairfax that the highly secretive Security and Intelligence Division of Singapore´s Ministry of Defence co-operates with DSD in accessing and sharing communications carried by the SEA-ME-WE-3 cable as well as the SEA-ME-WE-4 cable that runs from Singapore to the south of France.
Access to this major international telecommunications channel, facilitated by Singapore´s government-owned operator SingTel, has been a key element in an expansion of Australian-Singaporean intelligence and defence ties over the past 15 years.
Majority owned by Temask Holdings, the investment arm of the Singapore Government, SingTel has close relations with Singapore´s intelligence agencies. The Singapore Government is represented on the company´s board by the head of Singapore´s civil service, Peter Ong, who was previously responsible for national security and intelligence co-ordination in the Singapore Prime Minister´s office.
Australian intelligence expert, Australian National University Professor Des Ball has described Singapore´s signal´s intelligence capability as “probably the most advanced” in South East Asia, having first been developed in cooperation with Australia in the mid-1970s and subsequently leveraging Singapore´s position as a regional telecommunications hub.
Indonesia and Malaysia have been key targets for Australian and Singaporean intelligence collaboration since the 1970s. Much of Indonesia´s telecommunications and Internet traffic is routed through Singapore.
The leaked NSA map also shows South Korea is another key interception point with cable landings at Pusan providing access to the external communications of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
South Korea´s National Intelligence Service has long been a close collaborator with the US Central Intelligence Agency and the NSA, as well as the Australian intelligence agencies. The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation recently engaged in legal action in an unsuccessful effort to prevent publication of details of South Korean espionage in Australia. ASIO Director-General David Irvine told the Federal Court that Australian and South Korean intelligence agencies had been cooperating for “over 30 years” and that any public disclose of NIS activities would be “detrimental” to Australia´s national security.
The NSA map and other documents leaked by Mr Snowden and published by the Brazilian O Globo newspaper also reveal new detail on the integration of Australian and New Zealand signals intelligence facilities in the interception of satellite communications traffic by the “Five Eyes” partners.
For the first time it is revealed that the DSD satellite interception facility at Kojarena near Geraldton in Western Australia is codenamed “STELLAR”. The New Zealand Government Communications Security Bureau facility at Waihopai on New Zealand´s South Island is codenamed “IRONSAND”. The codename for DSD´s facility at Shoal Bay near Darwin is not identified. However all three facilities are listed by the NSA as “primary FORNSAT (foreign satellite communications) collection operations”.
Coverage of satellite communications across Asia and the Middle East is also supported by NSA facilities at the United States Air Force base at Misawa in Japan, US diplomatic premises in Thailand and India, and British Government Communications Headquarters facilities in Oman, Nairobi in Kenya and at the British military base in Cyprus.
The leaked NSA map also shows that undersea cables are accessed by the NSA and the British GCHQ through military facilities in Djibouti and Oman, thereby ensuring maximum coverage of Middle East and South Asian communications.
