Brasil Langgar Tata Krama Diplomasi, kata Hikmahanto Juwana
Indonesian Expert Says Brazil has Violated Diplomatic Protocol
Reporter : Rizki Saleh
Editor : Cahyani Harzi
Translator : Dhelia Gani
Jakarta (B2B) - Brasil dinilai melanggar tata krama berdiplomasi dengan menolak surat kepercayaan Duta Besar Indonesia untuk negara tersebut, dengan pertimbangan hukuman mati seorang warganya.
"Perlakuan Brasil dalam dunia diplomasi sungguh sangat tidak terpuji dan telah melanggar tata krama berdiplomasi," kata Guru Besar Hukum Internasional Universitas Indonesia Hikmahanto Juwana melalui keterangan tertulis di Jakarta, Sabtu.
Hikmahanto mengatakan tindakan Brasil ini berisiko memperburuk hubungan antardua negara yang telah lama terjalin dan saling menguntungkan.
Atas perlakuan pemerintah Brasil terhadap Dubes Indonesia di sana, Toto Riyanto, Menlu Indonesia telah memanggil Toto pulang ke Indonesia untuk berkonsultasi. Pada saat yang bersamaan Kementerian Luar Negeri RI telah melayangkan nota protes diplomatik.
"Tindakan Kemlu telah benar. Indonesia tentu tidak bisa menerima perlakuan seperti itu dari pemerintah Brasil," ujar Hikmahanto.
Menurut Hikmahanto, meski tidak disampaikan alasan nyata atas penolakan surat kepercayaan itu, namun diduga kuat ini bentuk protes pemerintah Brasil atas satu warganya yang telah dihukum mati bulan lalu dan satu lagi yang akan menjalani hukuman mati periode kedua.
"Pemerintah Brasil telah memulai tindakan untuk memperburuk hubungan dengan Indonesia semata karena melakukan perlindungan yang berlebihan atas warganya yang melakukan kejahatan yang serius," katanya.
Dia menegaskan Indonesia, sebagai tindakan balasan bisa saja melakukan tindakan persona non grata atau pengusiran terhadap satu atau beberapa diplomat Brasil yang sedang bertugas di Indonesia.
Namun demikian hal itu belum perlu dilakukan saat ini karena pemerintah Indonesia harus berpikiran jernih. Pemerintah Indonesia masih berada dalam tahap memahami keberlanjutan kemarahan dari pemerintah Brasil.
Sebaliknya, kata dia, Brasil yang harus berpikir dua kali bila hendak meneruskan protes dan kemarahannya.
"Mereka harus berpikir apakah sebanding merusak hubungan baik kedua negara dengan melindungi warganya yang melakukan kejahatan yang sangat serius di Indonesia. Disamping, tindakan Brasil berpotensi mengintervensi kedaulatan hukum Indonesia," jelas dia.
Sebelumnya, Presiden Brasil Dilma Rousseff, Jumat waktu setempat, menolak menerima surat-surat kepercayaan Duta Besar Indonesia untuk negara ini, untuk menunjukkan kemarahan dia pada eksekusi seorang warga Brasil terpidana narkoba oleh Indonesia bulan lalu.
"Kami kira penting diperhatikan bahwa ada evolusi dalam situasi ini untuk mengklarifikasi hubungan negara Indonesia dengan Brasil," kata Rousseff saat menerima surat-surat kepercayaan dari para duta besar lima negara lainnya.
Rousseff mengatakan skrining terhadap perwakilan Indonesia akan sedikit ditingkatkan, berkaitan dengan eksekusi hukuman mati untuk warga negara kedua Brasil bernama Rodrigo Gularte (42) yang dijatuhi hukuman mati pada 2004 karena menyelundupkan enam kilogram kokain ke Indonesia lewat papan selancar.
Keluarga Gularte telah berusaha mendapatkan grasi untuk anggota keluarganya itu namun gagal.
Grasi diajukan dengan alasan terpidana menderita schizophrenia paranoid sehingga harus dipindahkan ke fasilitas kejiwaan.
Jakarta (B2B) - Indonesian constitutional law expert of University of Indonesia (UI) Hikmahanto Juwana said Brazil has violated diplomatic protocol by declining to accept a credential letter from the new Indonesian Ambassador to the country. The refusal to accept the letter was in response to the execution of a Brazilian national in Indonesia on January 18.
"In the diplomatic world, such an act is condemnable and violates the tenets of diplomacy," Mr Juwana said here on Saturday.
According to him, Brazils action of refusing to accept the credential letter from the Indonesian Ambassador could endanger the good relations shared by the two countries.
"The Brazilian government will jeopardize its bilateral relations with Indonesia only because of an extreme reaction to the execution of its citizen, who was involved in drug dealing activities," said Hikmahanto.
The professor added that Indonesia can respond by issuing a persona-non-grata order with regards to one or several Brazilian diplomats currently stationed in Indonesia.
The professor added that Indonesia can respond by issuing a persona-non-grata order with regards to one or several Brazilian diplomats currently stationed in Indonesia.
However, Mr Juwana said such counter action is not yet necessary because Indonesia needs to think clearly before it responds to the situation.
Earlier, the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs had issued a statement saying it deeply regrets the action of the Government of Brazil to abruptly postpone the presentation of credentials by the Ambassador-designate of Indonesia to Brazil Toto Riyanto, after being formally invited to present his credentials at a ceremony in the Presidential Palace of Brazil at 9.00 am (Brazilian time), on February 20.
"The manner in which the Foreign Minister of Brazil suddenly informed the postponement of the presentation of credentials by the Ambassador designate of Indonesia to Brazil, when the Ambassador designate was already at the palace, is unacceptable to Indonesia," a statement posted on the ministrys official website on Saturday, said.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs had summoned the Brazilian Ambassador to Indonesia on the February 20, at 10.00 pm to convey in the strongest possible terms of protest, the unfriendly act of the Government of Brazil and also presented him with a formal note of protest.
The Government of Indonesia has also recalled the Ambassador designate of Indonesia to Brazil until a time is determined by the Government of Brazil for the presentation of his credentials.
As a democratic sovereign state with its own sovereign, independent and impartial justice system, no foreign country or party can or may interfere with the implementation of Indonesias prevailing laws within its jurisdiction, including in the enforcement of laws governing drug trafficking, the ministry said in the statement.
On January 18, Indonesian police officers had executed Namaona Denis of Malawi, Marco Archer Cardoso Moreira of Brazil, Daniel Enemuo alias Diarrassouba Mamadou of Nigeria, Ang Kiem Soei alias Kim Ho alias Ance Tahir of the Netherlands, Rani Andriani alias Melisa Aprilia of Indonesia, and Tran Thi Bich Hanh of Vietnam. All six were convicted in drugs-related cases.
